I have read the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy, Online English self-study + private lessons, Online Spanish self-study + private lessons. on the Shore, Haruki Murakami (Japan), The recognition throughout the world, World Literature deals with Unlike other forms of literary study, comparative literature places its emphasis on the interdisciplinary analysis of social and cultural production within the "economy, political dynamics, cultural movements, historical shifts, religious differences, the urban environment, international relations, public policy, and the sciences".[2]. Studying literature traditionally meant picking an academic department that reflects the nation state on a basically European model. The secondary field in Comparative Literature prepares them to do so by introducing them to basic issues in the field.. In this program, you will have the opportunity to explore these and related questions., The opportunity to move from the familiar Euro-American literary canons into the fresh but less well-known worlds of African and Asian literature is what attracts most students to this popular MA. Students who are already interested in studying foreign languages, or already have competence in at least one, can choose to pursue a concentration in that language. German literature is brimming with the influences of English and French and Italian and Greek and Roman literature and so on. Comparative Literature has many languagesthis is what distinguishes it from the study of traditional national literatures such as English, French, or Spanish, writes comparatist Joseph Pivato in his 2018 essay The Languages of Comparative Literature. [4] What scholars in comparative literature share is a desire to study literature beyond national boundaries and an interest in languages so that they can read foreign texts in their original form. Caucasian Chalk Circle, Bertolt Brecht (Germany), Difference between Comparative If youre already a lover of languages, chances are you have a deep appreciation for different cultures as well. The curriculum in comparative literature has two major objectives: while training students in one literary tradition, it also requires them to be seriously interested in at least two other literatures as well as in the historical, critical, and theoretical problems raised by the study of literature., The Department of Comparative Literature offers Comparative Literature as a secondary field in GSAS to enrich the education of PhD students in other departments who seek to do research and teach across the institutional boundaries of national languages and literatures. Academic discipline comparing literature across cultures, Learn how and when to remove this template message, International Comparative Literature Association, Mimesis: The Representation of Reality in Western Literature, "What careers do Comparative Literature majors have? is English. It was he who coined the term Thematics or Thematology v Thematology is a comparative study of literary works as they relate to other literary works as far as the themes are concerned Themes and Motifs Thematology involves the study of themes and motifs . [9] These are: Augsburg, Bayreuth, Free University Berlin, Technical University Berlin, Bochum, Bonn, Chemnitz-Zwickau, Erfurt, Erlangen-Nrnberg, Essen, Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt an der Oder, Gieen, Gttingen, Jena, Karlsruhe, Kassel, Konstanz, Leipzig, Mainz, Mnchen,[10] Mnster, Osnabrck, Paderborn, Potsdam, Rostock, Saarbrcken, Siegen, Stuttgart, Tbingen,[11] Wuppertal. As faculty members, students specializing in a national literature may be called on to teach comparative courses or courses in general or world literature. The program provides students with a cosmopolitan intellectual background that is increasingly in demand today. Comparative Literature, Bharath and Bharathidasan Comparative literature is the more widely used term in the United States, with many universities having comparative literature departments or comparative literature programs. The minimum total course units for graduation in this major is 34. Applicants must have an overall GPA of 3.4 and a GPA of 3.6 in Major Related courses. by those people who share the same culture and language though they hail from nationalliteratures, World literature is sometimes used to refer to The interdisciplinary nature of the field means that comparatists typically exhibit acquaintance with sociology, history, anthropology, translation studies, critical theory, cultural studies, and religious studies. Like the French School, German Comparative Literature has its origins in the late 19th century. Despite these issues, the fieldand the termhave stuck around for over a century, and todays comparative literature curricula tend to emphasize the complexity of the discipline. Not only will literature be better for it, but so will politics, philosophy, sociology, gender studies, and the arts. What is comparative literature, and why should you study it? What might the political implications of this be? different nations, Difference between National and Elements of Space, World Literature implies A language requirement that asks students to begin the journey toward fluency in more than one language marks this fundamental value. According to French Comparitist, Paul Van Comparative literature is an academic field dealing with the study of literature and cultural expression across linguistic, national, geographic, and disciplinary boundaries. In the French School of Comparative Literature, the study of influences and mentalities dominates. Double majors may entail more course units. and by a Tamilian is accepted as National Literature. the commonalities between all nationalliteratures. Current trends in Transnational studies also reflect the growing importance of post-colonial literary figures such as J. M. Coetzee, Maryse Cond, Earl Lovelace, V. S. Naipaul, Michael Ondaatje, Wole Soyinka, Derek Walcott, and Lasana M. Sekou. At the core of the concentration in Comparative Literature are courses introducing Western, East Asian, Middle Eastern and South Asian literary traditions in comparative perspective. Fall Apart, Chinua Achebe (Nigeria), They might then read English translations of texts by Latin American immigrants and compare those texts to their original Spanish versions. Comparative Literature is both an individualized program of study with a high degree of flexibility and a strong cohort of faculty and students with shared interests and values. same language but belong to different nations, T S Eliot - an American-born increasingly seen in global context, Readers today have access to an unprecedented The characteristically intercultural and transnational field of comparative literature concerns itself with the relation between literature, broadly defined, and other spheres of human activity, including history, politics, philosophy, art, and science. circulation of works into the wider world beyond their country of origin, Often used in the past primarily for Literature, 1. It also prepares students to work in any field where critical thinking, strong writing skills and foreign-language competence and a sophisticated understanding of cultural difference and diversity are called for. Definition of Reception Study Reception Study is another branch of Influence Study which aims at measuring the response to a writer's works abroad, considering the sales, surveys of reviews, criticism, translations, etc. and other countries, National literature is the literature produced Criticism of the field quickly developed, as scholars realized that a more precise description of the field would have been the comparative study of literature and therefore comparative literature was a bit of a sloppy term. Reacting to the French School, postwar scholars, collectively termed the "American School", sought to return the field to matters more directly concerned with literary criticism, de-emphasising the detective work and detailed historical research that the French School had demanded. It wasnt until the later 19th century that the field was institutionalized across some European and American universities. While exploring new horizons and breaking out of the Euro-centric space in which comparative literature has developed so far, the program covers the major theoretical contributions made by Western scholars., The School of International Chinese Studies at East China Normal University accepts applications from international students interested in pursuing a 3-year research-oriented program for a Master degree in Literature. Many comparitists accept all writings produced Fill in the form below and well contact you to discuss your learning options and answer any questions you may have. Comparative literature is an academic discipline devoted to studying how culture and literature are expressed differently in different nations and languages. in Rachel Polonsky, English Literature and the Russian Aesthetic Renaissance [Cambridge UP, 1998. The undergraduate program in Comparative Literature welcomes students interested in the study of literature from theoretical, interdisciplinary, cross-cultural, and global perspectives. The program is based on ECNUs main campus in Shanghai. by citizens of a particular nation. It may be an incident or a device or a formula. The Prior to the advent of the American School, the scope of comparative literature in the West was typically limited to the literatures of Western Europe and Anglo-America, predominantly literature in English, German and French literature, with occasional forays into Italian literature (primarily for Dante) and Spanish literature (primarily for Miguel de Cervantes). We take the steps we can to read and view cultural texts in their original languages; when we cannot, we pay careful attention to what is gained and lost in translation. Being proficient in several languages is a worthy goal in and of itself, but comparative literature takes it a step further: How is what we achieve in these languages a reflection of the past, present, and future interests of a given culture? The world is more interconnected than ever before, meaning information travels faster than ever before. 17]; see also David Damrosch[8] humanism, symbolism, etc, Levels of National Literature, National Literature treats questions confined German comparative literature is being squeezed by the traditional philologies on the one hand and more vocational programmes of study on the other which seek to offer students the practical knowledge they need for the working world (e.g., 'Applied Literature'). However, antecedents can be found in the ideas of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe in his vision of "world literature" (Weltliteratur) and Russian Formalists credited Alexander Veselovsky with laying the groundwork for the discipline. Comparative Literature and World When we follow ideas across borders we assume, not that the world should come to us, cater to us, or be translated into our language, but rather that it is our responsibility to explore the world, to seek to understand cultures on their own terms, to find commonalities and respect differences. Students of Comparative Literature trace the transformations and travels of literary genres and texts across time and space. Comparative Studies of the Premodern World. 745 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston MA 02215 The core courses train students to appreciate the variety of meanings that texts acquire in different institutional and philosophical contexts and different socio-political frameworks. English is a common one that encompasses all literature written in English, Literature, in its aspiration for universality, is composed of For Exceptions, check thePolicy Statement. Works of this nature include Alamgir Hashmi's The Commonwealth, Comparative Literature and the World, Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak's Death of a Discipline, David Damrosch's What is World Literature?, Steven Ttsy de Zepetnek's concept of "comparative cultural studies", and Pascale Casanova's The World Republic of Letters. But literature and readers have both always ranged outside the boundaries of one national language. Echo: Essays in Other Literatures. The field of Comparative Literature also endeavors, then, to overcome this division between the West and the Rest by combining the formal rigor of European literary studies with the interdisciplinary reach of area studies. Master and Margarita, Mikhal Burgakov (Russia), Its surprisingly tricky to say that even a single sentence in one language is truly equivalent to its translation in another language; in what sense, then, can we really translate the complexity and nuance of novels, poems or plays? According to him 'Influence' should be used to denote the relations existing between finished literary products, Things Unlike strict discussions over the accuracy of the translations, comparative literature discussions would address what might have been lost in cultural meaning from one text to another. range of works from around the world in excellent translations, and since the [5] There are many learned journals that publish scholarship in comparative literature: see "Selected Comparative Literature and Comparative Humanities Journals"[6] and for a list of books in comparative literature see "Bibliography of (Text)Books in Comparative Literature". to the imitation and Rousseauism - Jacques Rousseau the development of modern political, economic Its also to determine how translation plays into the way these narratives are received. This eclecticism has led critics (from within and without) to charge that comparative literature is insufficiently well-defined or that comparatists too easily fall into dilettantism because the scope of their work is, of necessity, broad. Most comparative literature curricula teach texts that have been translated into English, while encouraging students to reach foreign texts in the original language alongside their primary reading list or minor in a foreign language. A fundamental project of Comparative Literature is to cultivate reading across linguistic boundaries in order to highlight everything that the exclusive focus on a national literature tends to obscure. concerned with binary relations General Literature- research into facts How can you really read Ulysses without French, Thomas Mann without Italian?. Thus a scholar might attempt to trace how a particular literary idea or motif traveled between nations over time. As a result, comparative literature programs within universities may be designed by scholars drawn from several such departments. Comparative literature is about thebinary relationsbetween two One attractive aspect of the Comparative Literature major is its flexibility. How much responsibility and power do translators have in this regard? Though its tempting to think of comparative literature as a combination of literature and cultural studies, these sentiments suggest its more than that: comparative literature is the only field that examines how different cultures put language to use. literature as the major mode of literary creativity in the future, National literature does not a larger number of countries, Introduction : Comparative Literature was established in France during the 19 th century as an academic discipline : France 1816 It reached America only during the 20 th century through the German scholars who migrated to America from Hitlers Germany The French School : In the French sense of Comparative Literature, it is the moral responsibility of every French Comparatist to trace and relate the world literary experience to the French literary response because , according to him, the French literature is the backbone of the universal literary system Therefore, they were interested in analysing the external sources and influence of works. common to several literatures, Paul Van Tieghem:The Comparatists, as students and scholars of comparative literature are called, are in a unique position to highlight and change the way literature influences culture. Literatureis about the commonalitiesbetweenall the sum total of the worlds national literatures, but usually it refers to the With German universities no longer educating their students primarily for an academic market, the necessity of a more vocational approach is becoming ever more evident".[12]. Comparative Literature from National Literature, General Literature, and World Students should consult with their academic program regarding final certifications and requirements for graduation. and World Literature, WhileComparative literature), 2. on the Shore, Haruki Murakami (Japan), According to some scholars, the term comparative literature was first introduced in French in 1816, as littrature compare. So, I live in Ireland, where the lingua franca books are Whats lost in translation is also lost in culture. The concentration in Comparative Literature at BU is designed for students whose interest in literature embraces works in multiple languages. It was introduced by the famous American comparatist, Harry Levin. For serious literary scholarship, writes comparatist Geert Lernout of the University of Antwerp, monolingualism is not even a serious option: maybe contemporary writers read and write in only one language, but almost all the great writers of the past did not. English, French, and German programs each focus on the canons of their respective national traditions. We need more people interested in uniting the world across languages and cultures. Today, the French School practices the nation-state approach of the discipline although it also promotes the approach of a "European Comparative Literature". Bucks translation theRamayana (India), Szondi's work in Allgemeine und Vergleichende Literaturwissenschaft (German for "General and Comparative Literary Studies") included the genre of drama, lyric (in particular hermetic) poetry, and hermeneutics: "Szondi's vision of Allgemeine und Vergleichende Literaturwissenschaft became evident in both his policy of inviting international guest speakers to Berlin and his introductions to their talks. National literature is produced by the people of a state, in the The subtext here is that all fields of literaturenot just comparative literatureneed more students and scholars who know multiple languages. relationship only two countries, or two authors of different nationality - And even writers who knew nothing of one another may show fascinating similarities and differences; a poem by Stphane Mallarm and a poem by Emily Dickinson throw each other into startling relief. If you love learning, speaking, reading, and writing in multiple languages but also find yourself fascinated by what gets lost in translation, this may be a great field of study for you. literary works in Europe, including works of non-Western origin, Goethes disciple Johann Peter It is a discipline built on pursuing connectionsconnections between different aesthetic forms, cultural traditions, and ideas. (Routledge, 2012). diverseliteratures in their relations with one another./ Comparative They explore the connections of literature with history, philosophy, politics, and literary theory. This will include advanced work in at least one foreign language and its literature and a series of interrelated courses of your choice. These courses introduce students to the global diversity of literary forms and genres while acquainting them with the methods of comparative literary study. The approach of the American School would be familiar to current practitioners of cultural studies and is even claimed by some to be the forerunner of the Cultural Studies boom in universities during the 1970s and 1980s. The positive study of comparative literature is built on the study of different languages.. Another common motif is bemoaning of the bygone past in lyrics. [7], Work considered foundational to the discipline of comparative literature include Spanish humanist Juan Andrs's work, Transylvanian Hungarian Hugo Meltzl de Lomnitz's scholarship, also the founding editor of the journal Acta Comparationis Litterarum Universarum (1877) and Irish scholar H.M. Posnett's Comparative Literature (1886). German comparatists working in East Germany, however, were not invited, nor were recognised colleagues from France or the Netherlands. The theme is a recurrent element but it is related to the subject-matter to both form and content Motif vs Theme The theme is the central idea or message where as the motif constitutes the unit from which th, RECEPTION STUDY Influence study is an attempt to trace the influence of a writer Influence Study is an attempt to trace the influence of a writer (Emitter) or for a set of writers upon another (Receiver) in the area of theme, idea, attitude, technique, etc.
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