Moreover, stress analysis in the valves show that the resulting stresses are relatively small and a failure due to fatigue is not expected. Kodak has undertaken an extensive test plan to determine the performance of the force actuators developed under the AMSD program. Dual resources are integrated into single modules, with each having the external appearance and functionality of a single set of resources. Ionogel electrolytes can be fabricated for electrochemical actuators with many desirable advantages, including direct low-voltage control in air, high electrochemical and thermal stability, and complete silence during actuation. Because the actuator is made of a flexible bag, it does not interfere with other actuators when it is depressurized. The MSL valves also feature improved spool designs that reflect greater understanding of fluid dynamics, consideration of pressure drops in valves, and a requirement for balancing of pressures in different flow branches. The electrostatic TRA design has been shown to both over-drive and under-drive relative to the number of input pulses [3]. In response to the low potentials of +/-0.8 V, the saturated strain of 3D G-PPy pillar can reach a record of 2.5%, which is more than 10 times higher than that of carbon nanotube film and about 3 times that of unitary graphene film under an applied potential of +/-1.2 V. Also, the 3D G-PPy actuator exhibits high actuation durability with high operating load as demonstrated by an 11 day, Research on Plasma Synthetic Jet Actuator. Electrostatic micromembrane actuator arrays as motion generator. However, by simply changing the considered fluid from air to water, the two physical domains become strongly coupled, and the Gauss-Seidel method fails to converge in this case. Recombination detection using the dosing system, as well as, effects of coil separation distance and misalignment in wireless power and data transfer were studied. Huang, J.; Zou, L.; Tian, P.; Zhang, Q.; Wang, Y.; Zhang, J.-H. A valveless piezoelectric micropump based on projection micro litho stereo exposure technology. The advantage of this non-self-sustained discharge is that the parameters of ionizing pulses and the driving bias voltage can be varied independently, which adds flexibility to control and optimization of the actuators performance. This has restricted their use to on-off actuators where cycle times of approximately one minute is acceptable. Contrary to what suggested in the theoretical literature, the designed device has the advantage of generating the variable magnetic field no longer in close proximity of the material, but in a different area, thus allowing a better coupling. Intelligent fault diagnosis and failure management of flight control actuation systems. PROGRAM ELEMENTare used to derive power and energy storage requirements for control surface actuation during extreme submarine maneuvers, such as emergencyand for initially sizing system components. A Transdermal Drug Delivery System Based on LIGA Technology and Soft Lithography, Matteucci, Marco; Perennes, Frederic; Marmiroli, Benedetta; Di Fabrizio, Enzo. The hydration sensors were packaged into a flexible wristband for skin hydration monitoring and a chest patch consisting of a strain sensor, three electrocardiogram (ECG) electrodes and a skin hydration sensor for multimodal sensing. The proposed microdevice provides an advanced genetic analysis platform in terms of multiplexity, simplicity, and portability in the fields of biomedical diagnostics. Report proposes use of shape-memory-alloy actuators, instead of hydraulic actuators, for aerodynamic flight-control surfaces. As the attack angle increases from 0 to 90, the applied drag force on the valve increases. Subsequently, the membrane is loaded with a combination of linear and nonlinear spring (working in a negative stiffness region). (2) Nickel wire could be uniformly oxidized and embedded in aluminum matrix without fracture, which could successfully work as a temperature sensor and a strain sensor. In the frame of both projects, both types of the FAFC actuator concepts are addressed. The parameters that were varied include actuator momentum, freestream velocity, and trailing edge flap deflection angle. This paper is comprised of two distinct parts. In addition to the detailed assembly structures, this research will highlight intensive analysis with the intelligent deep drawing tool. The slide holes position with power off and no brake, regardless of load. Initially, the fabricated actuator is in the flat state, and it can sequentially self-fold to angled folding states of opposite directions as it is heated up. A sequential curing process was used to obtain GTs with tailored thermomechanical properties and network relaxation dynamics, and also to assemble the final actuator. Actuators based on polyurethanes with different types of polyol. This approach makes it possible to engineer advanced functional materials for application in self-adaptable structures and soft robotics. A conventional robotic manipulator is shown in figure 1. This allows the length of the return spring to be reduced due to the minimization of displacement thereby reducing the weight of the return spring system. By the use of such SMP material, SMP microtubing can be used as a release actuator for the delivery of embolic coils through catheters into aneurysms, for example. In this article, we introduce the concept of using a conductive liquid to perform both the sensing and actuation functions of a proprioceptive soft actuator. In this article, we present a nonlinear mathematical model of a conductive supercoiled polymer (SCP) actuator driven by Joule heating for model-based feedback controls. The stake actuator displays a stroke of [Formula: see text] (at +300 V) despite its small overall dimensions, and has a blocking force of 114 N. The SC d 32 stake actuator fabricated displays more than 30% larger axial strain than the state-of-the-art PZT stack actuators of comparable length as well as moderate blocking forces. We characterize the trajectory of the actuator and the force exerted by it, as we vary the material used for fabrication, the number of chambers, and the size of the actuator. Higher frequencies with same amplitude of actuation lead to faster transition. Convergence times for large moves (greater than 1 millimeter) are limited by the step rate. Discrete actuation uses DEAs at high stretch rates to change the states of robotic or mechatronic systems in discrete steps. To validate our material model we performed new actuation experiments with an exemplary SMA-FRP structure, which we compared to finite element (FE) simulation results. Breadboard mechanisms based on piezo actuators have also been tested for refocusing purposes. Bucky gel actuators optimization towards haptic applications, Bubak, Grzegorz; Ansaldo, Alberto; Ceseracciu, Luca; Hata, Kenji; Ricci, Davide. In this study, we introduce FeO-silicone flexible composite actuators fabricated by combining silicone and iron oxide particles. These new product offerings have gained considerable acceptance in use in process plants. Patches actuators consist on a layer of magnetostrictive material, which has to be stuck to the surface of the vibrating structure, and on a coil surrounding the layer itself. It was calculated that the bracket would fracture if subjected to an actuator stall load in the presence of a 0.10 in. % Piezoelectric actuation of helicopter rotor blades. PMID:28070227, Development of an Actuator for Flow Control Utilizing Detonation. The goal for the force output capability of the actuator will be one pound force. A typical stack actuator, having 130 layers, 1.20x10-4 m thickness, 3.46x10-5m2 cross sectional area, of PZT-5H type, has been utilized for simulation. Dielectric polymers developed the past few years have shown large displacements (more than 300%). Membrane kinematics are tracked using time-resolved direct linear transformation (DLT), and the vibration is shown to be dominated by actuation, rather than passive deformation. The actual mechanical loadings must be established, for the more easily controlled EA may be operated much closer to its full capabilities. A dynamic system model of the human cardiovascular system was developed to simulate the support of a healthy or failing native heart from a continuous flow left ventricular assist device or a synchronous pulsatile valveless dual-piston positive displacement pump. Tetherless thermobiochemically actuated microgrippers. The cross section of the beam was varied and the finite element analysis of all three models was compared to suggest the best suitable thermal actuator structure. The actuation characteristics of the actuator at different frequencies are measured with different actuator lengths and results show that resonance can be used to realize large deformations up to 35Hz. This paper details a proof-of-concept study of a novel SMA cage actuator intended for proportional braking in commercial appliances. Whereas conventional glass mirrors of equivalent size and precision have areal mass densities between 50 and 150 kg/sq m, the nanolaminate mirrors, including not only the reflector/ shell portions but also the actuators and the backing structures needed to react the actuation forces, would have areal mass densities that may approach .5 kg/m2. Finally, electrostatic shields can be used in the actuator to substantially reduce unwanted electrostatic fields to further improve performance of the device. The actuator excites bending in bone through a local bending moment rather than the application of a point force as with conventional bone-anchored hearing aids. Advanced high performance vertical hybrid synthetic jet actuator, Xu, Tian-Bing (Inventor); Jiang, Xiaoning (Inventor); Su, Ji (Inventor). Each control unit consists of a triangularly shaped piezoelectric actuator, a miniature accelerometer, and analog electronics. The bending motion of the actuator is converted into the tail-beat motion of a fish robot through a linkage system. Hydraulic Actuator System for Rotor Control. Adamovsky, Gregory; Sarkisov, Sergey S.; Curley, Michael J. Light-driven polymeric bimorph actuators are being developed as alternatives to prior electrically and optically driven actuators in advanced, highly miniaturized devices and systems exemplified by microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), micro-electro-optical-mechanical systems (MEOMS), and sensor and actuator arrays in smart structures. Several sample applications from NASA Langley Research Center, such as active structural acoustic control, are covered in detail. Existing MPC modeling approaches are computationally expensive and unsuitable for rapid design prototyping and real-time control applications. The paper discusses some design methods for a linear dielectric polymer actuator for VR devices. The actuator consists of several (three, four, or five) chambers (arranged around the circumference of a circle surrounding a central rod) that can be actuated independently using negative pressure (or partial vacuum). An analytical-experimental study of using magnetostrictive actuators in conjunction with an extension-torsion coupled composite tube to actuate a rotor blade trailing-edge flap to actively control helicopter vibration is presented. In this work, free-standing shape-memory thermally triggered actuators are developed by laminating thiol-epoxy-based glassy thermoset (GT) and stretched liquid-crystalline network (LCN) films. By the use of such SMP material, SMP microtubing can be used as a release actuator for the delivery of embolic coils through catheters into aneurysms, for example. The actuator is based upon a plurality of meshed electrostatic combs, some of which are stationary and others of which are moveable. Additionally, these prediction methods can be implemented in order to intelligently design actuators in accordance with their fatigue and failure limits. The prototype joint mechanism achieves coordinated motion of multiple actuators for one axis. A soft actuating device including a plurality of the soft actuators and methods of actuation using the soft actuator or soft actuating device disclosed herein are also described.less. permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. The replacement opportunity for these types of components represents a decision point for whether to invest in more modern technology that would provide superior operational and maintenance benefits. The actuator is based on our previously published work showing very fast resonance actuation in polypyrrole bending-type actuators [6]. The valves and other boundaries of the channel are considered as wall boundary condition. A fluidic self-actuating control assembly for use in a reactor wherein no external control inputs are required to actuate (scram) the system. The gels employed may be cylindrical electromechanical gel fibers such as polyacrylamide fibers or a mixture of poly vinyl alcohol-polyacrylic acid arranged in a parallel aggregate and contained in an electrolytic solvent bath such as salt water. The frequency and spanwise sweeping extent depend on the geometric parameters and mass flow rate entering the actuators through the inlet section. The response of stack actuator has been simulated using MATLAB Simulink, in a stack actuator-pendulum configuration. An actuator rod extends from the servo actuator to a crank arm which turns a control shaft. The measurements on the smaller actuators have been repeated and agreed with the previously reported values within +/- 10%. Dual output variable pitch turbofan actuation system, Griswold, R. H., Jr.; Broman, C. L. (Inventor). Flow control means is provided for restricting leakage through said vent to a rate that prevents said leakage from substantially detracting from the development of pressure within said actuatng space during the period from initial opening of the valve to the time when said piston has moved through most of its opening stroke. Development of DBD plasma actuators: The double encapsulated electrode, Erfani, Rasool; Zare-Behtash, Hossein; Hale, Craig; Kontis, Konstantinos. A valveless rotary microfluidic device for multiplex point mutation identification based on ligation-rolling circle amplification. The length, width and depth of the microfluidic channel are 25mm, 100m and 50m, respectively. LPMA strong enough to be used terrestrially where linear actuators needed to excite or damp out oscillations. The problem is further complicated in case the DEA is used to activate articulated structures, which increase both system complexity and implementation effort of numerical simulation models. Basal delivery was provided by diffusion due to a concentration difference driving force across the CRM. The measurements included the displacement, impedance, capacitance and leakage current and the analysis of the experimental results will be presented. PMID:22833156. This paper describes methods, measurements, and preliminary results from our reliability evaluation of the device under externally applied mechanical loads and at various operational temperatures. A.; Haines, C. S.; Baughman, R. H.; Martirosyan, K. S. Twisted laminar composite structures for high power and large-stroke actuators based on coiled Multi Wall Carbon Nanotube (MWNT) composite yarns were crafted by integrating high-density Nanoenergetic Gas Generators (NGGs) into carbon nanotube sheets. Separated Flow Control with Actuated Membrane Wings. Investigation of electrochemical actuation by polyaniline nanofibers, Mehraeen, Shayan; Alkan Grsel, Selmiye; Papila, Melih; akmak Cebeci, Fevzi. This hydraulically-actuated operating system comprises a cylinder, a piston movable therein in an opening direction to open a circuit breaker, and an accumulator for supplying pressurized liquid to a piston-actuating space within the cylinder. The actuators studied are two inertia-type actuators, the proof mass and reaction wheel, and two variable geometry trusses, the planar truss and the planar truss proof mass (a combination variable geometry truss/inertia-type actuator). A prototype of a novel bone-conduction hearing actuator based on a piezoelectric bending actuator is presented. MEMS earthworm: a thermally actuated peristaltic linear micromotor, Arthur, Craig; Ellerington, Neil; Hubbard, Ted; Kujath, Marek. Vehicle Total Lifetime H ours Usagewere examined in some depth but were gradually eliminated as the study progressed. Fabrication personnel were included early in the design phase of the LPMA as part of an integrated manufacturing process to alleviate potential difficulties in machining an already challenging design. In particular, shape memory alloy (SMA) wire actuators present an opportunity for low-cost, high performance actuation, but until now, they have been limited or restricted from use in many otherwise suitable applications by the difficulty in packaging the SMA wires within tight or unusually shaped form constraints. Total actuation energy was determined by calculating the kinetic energy of reaction mass motion against gravity. Shape-Memory-Alloy Actuator For Flight Controls. (Inventor). 51705031); the Science and Technology Development Plan of Jilin province, China (Grant No. Results from the simulation model and from the in vivo counterpart show that the pulsatile pump provides higher cardiac output, left ventricular unloading, cardiac pulsatility, and aortic valve flow as compared with the continuous flow model at the same level of support. By applying this automated process, stack-actuators with reproducible and homogeneous properties can be manufactured. Secondly, in many cases, it is impossible to add supports for servo actuators for fundamental or design considerations. Self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) has been used in the past to make porous TiNi metal foams. This report also discusses a new actuator which has dual cylindrical structure. Surface texture change on-demand and microfluidic devices based on thickness mode actuation of dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs), Ankit, Ankit; Nguyen, Anh Chien; Mathews, Nripan. This action was approximated by a three-compartment model, which considered the CRM to consist of a well-mixed upstream reservoir and pump barrel (with a downstream reservoir) separated by two resistances: a constant upstream membrane resistance, (KmAm)-1, and a variable downstream mixing rate resistance, (Qd)-1. Large electrode separation and high driving voltages are normally required to achieve large actuator movements. To demonstrate the ability of these actuators to drive robotic joints, they were modified and integrated in a robotic arm. The maximum swimming speed of the fish robot was 7.7 cm/s at 3.9Hz tail-beat frequency. In this case, the corresponding maximum stress is 31.68 kPa for the attack angle of the valve of 75, applied voltage of 400 V, width and length of the valve of 4 and 140 m, respectively, and the length of the piezoelectric component of 5 mm. Actuator combustion chamber pressure was monitored with a pressure transducer and actuator stroke was monitored using a laser displacement meter. In one important class of potential applications, thermally actuated hydraulic pumps, exploiting vertical ocean temperature gradients for heating and cooling as needed, would be used to vary hydraulic pressures to control buoyancy in undersea research, Integrated piezoelectric actuators in deep drawing tools. To demonstrate the benefits of digital actuator. The truss structure formed about the moveable electrostatic combs allows the spacing between the interdigitated fingers of the combs to be reduced to about one micron or less, thereby substantially increasing the number of active fingers which can be provided in a given area. Most of these robots are designed with conventional electromagnetic motors. In this paper, a fully wafer-level packaged RF MEMS switch has been demonstrated, which has low operation voltage, using a piezoelectric actuator. Networked patch rectenna array receives and converts microwave power into a DC power for an array of smart actuators. Based on the constitutive relations for the piezoelectric material, simple models for the sensors and actuators are derived. Controlled fluid transport through AtSUT4 (Proton-sucrose co-transporter from Arabidopsis thaliana) reconstituted on a 1-Palmitoyl-2-Oleoyl-sn-Glycero-3-[Phospho-L- Serine] (Sodium Salt) (POPS), 1-Palmitoyl-2-Oleoyl-sn-Glycero-3- Phosphoethanolamine (POPE) BLM on a porous lead silicate glass plate (50m with 61m pitch) was driven by proton gradient. The vane actuator met the requirements given for the ANCF, although in practice the performance of the system was limited by the constraints of the power amplifiers and the presence of control spillover. Water electrolysis produced by short voltage pulses of alternating polarity can overcome the problem of slow gas termination. Hydromorphic biological systems, such as morning glory flowers, pinecones, and awns, have inspired researchers to design moisture-sensitive soft actuators capable of directly converting the change of moisture into motion or mechanical work. micro pump, DS228 vertical liquid nitrogen automatic dispensing system, DS228Liquid Nitrogen Bead Dispensing system, FSH-DS528 Automatic Liquid Nitrogen Bead Dispensing System, DS628-ST Lyophilized bead packing machine, FSH-DS428 automated XYZ dispensing system, Instructions for the use of metering pumps. Lee, A.P. In this study, a hand master using five miniature magneto-rheological (MR) actuators, which is called 'the smart glove', is introduced. 285 microns at 150 V at room temperature and > 100 microns at 77K under driving of 150 V should be expected. The diameter of the piezoelectric layer is smaller than the attached glass. Here, we report a moisture-sensitive poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole) nanofiber (PBONF)-reinforced carbon nanotube/poly(vinyl alcohol) (CNT/PVA) bilayer soft actuator with fine performance on conductivity and mechanical properties. Rigid-flexible coupling dynamic modeling and investigation of a redundantly actuated parallel manipulator with multiple actuation modes, Liang, Dong; Song, Yimin; Sun, Tao; Jin, Xueying. The modular actuator weighs less than 28 grams. CNT/conductive polymer composites for low-voltage driven EAP actuators, Sugino, Takushi; Shibata, Yoshiyuki; Kiyohara, Kenji; Asaka, Kinji. The prototype polymer actuator active catheter has been developed by using polymer actuator technology and Micro Electronics Mechanical System (MEMS) technologies. The force is provided by a unique packaging of the single SMA wire that provides the output force of four SMA wires mechanically in parallel. Behavior of ionic conducting IPN actuators in simulated space conditions, Fannir, Adelyne; Plesse, Cdric; Nguyen, Giao T. M.; Laurent, Elisabeth; Cadiergues, Laurent; Vidal, Frdric. When the actuator area shrinks to infinitesimal, the expressions of microscopic local modal control force and its two components are obtained to predict the spatial microscopic actuation behavior of the mirror. The concept presented makes the huge electrostatic forces within nanometre small electrode separation accessible for large deflections. Vapomechanically Responsive Motion of Microchannel-Programmed Actuators.
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