25. Their deaths apparently inspired Hughes to include the establishment of a medical research laboratory in the will that he signed in 1925 at age 19. In 1961, TWA filed suit against Hughes Tool Company, claiming that the latter had violated antitrust law by using TWA as a captive market for aircraft trading. No further attempts were made to file any indictments after Hughes died.[82][83][84]. [6]:131135, On July 14, 1938, Hughes set another record by completing a flight around the world in just 91 hours (three days, 19 hours, 17 minutes),[24] beating the previous record of 186 hours (7 days, 18 hours, 49 minutes) set in 1933 by Wiley Post in a single-engine Lockheed Vega by almost four days. Hughes extended his financial empire to include Las Vegas real estate, hotels, and media outlets, spending an estimated $300 million, and using his considerable powers to take over many of the well-known hotels, especially the venues connected with organized crime. During the 1960s and early 1970s, he disapproved of underground nuclear testing at the Nevada Test Site.
Peters requested a lifetime alimony payment of $70,000 a year, adjusted for inflation, and waived all claims to Hughes's estate. The 2008 song "Howard" by American pop-punk band Bayside is written about Hughes. [27][28] He was awarded the Harmon Trophy in 1936[29] and 1938 for the record-breaking global circumnavigation. In 1953 Howard Hughes gave all his stock in the Hughes Aircraft Company to the newly formed Howard Hughes Medical Institute, thereby turning the aerospace and defense contractor into a tax-exempt charitable organization. Hughes was so reclusive that he did not immediately publicly refute Irving's statement, leading many to believe that Irving's book was genuine. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Learn how and when to remove this template message, $pringfield (Or, How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love Legalized Gambling), "American National Biography Online: Hughes, Howard", "The Original Famous Hams and ex-Hams List", "Howard R. Hughes Jr. The Record Setter. [61] Even after competitors such as United Airlines, American Airlines and Pan American World Airways had placed large orders for the 707, Hughes only placed eight orders for 707s through the Hughes Tool Company and forbade TWA from using the aircraft. [58][59] Hughes Tool Co. purchased the first six Stratoliners Boeing manufactured. A default judgment was issued against Hughes Tool Company for $135 million in 1963 but was overturned by the Supreme Court of the United States in 1973, on the basis that Hughes was immune from prosecution. Hughes's refusal to heed Dietrich's financing advice led to a major rift between the two by the end of 1956. [99][100] By the time of the coroner's inquiry, however, the witness had changed his story and claimed that Meyer had moved directly in front of Hughes's car. He first became prominent as a film producer, and then as an important figure in the aviation industry. [13] At 12, Hughes was photographed in the local newspaper, identified as the first boy in Houston to have a "motorized" bicycle, which he had built from parts from his father's steam engine. [N 2].
[123][124], The wealthy and aging Hughes, accompanied by his entourage of personal aides, began moving from one hotel to another, always taking up residence in the top floor penthouse. Hughes retained the rights to pictures that he had personally produced, including those made at RKO.
howard hughes gay hollywood billionaire movie jack young bisexual age architecturaldigest harlem renaissance california famous gayinfluence classic influence aviator stoddard He golfed frequently with top players, including Gene Sarazen. [138], In 1970, Jean Peters filed for divorce. He had English, Welsh and some French Huguenot ancestry,[9] and was a descendant of John Gano (17271804), the minister who allegedly baptized George Washington. Hughes also had a role in the financing of the Boeing 307 Stratoliner for TWA, and the design and financing of the Lockheed L-049 Constellation. "Hughes and Jean Peters. The Hughes Space and Communications Group and the Hughes Space Systems Division were later spun off in 1948 to form their own divisions and ultimately became the Hughes Space and Communications Company in 1961. The H-1 Racer is thought[by whom?] However, the airline's lucrative route authority between major northeastern cities and Miami was terminated by a CAB decision around the time of the acquisition, and Hughes sold control of the company to a trustee in 1964. [129], Hughes wanted to change the image of Las Vegas to something more glamorous.
Hughes spent $3.5million to make the flying film Hell's Angels (1930). [107], Shortly before the 1960 Presidential election, Richard Nixon was alarmed when it was revealed that his brother, Donald, received a $205,000 loan from Hughes. He wrote a detailed memorandum to the crew on how to fix the problem. [147] Howard Hughes's alias, John T. Conover, was used when his body arrived at a morgue in Houston on the day of his death. Convair proposed two concepts to Hughes, but Hughes was unable to decide which concept to adopt, and Convair eventually abandoned its initial jet project after the mockups of the 707 and Douglas DC-8 were unveiled. At a young age, Hughes showed interest in science and technology. [148], An autopsy recorded kidney failure as the cause of death.
Although he never used the bed that he designed, Hughes's bed served as a prototype for the modern hospital bed. [6]:299300, Hughes acquired control of Boston-based Northeast Airlines in 1962.
hughes john culture nerds film 1990 director photographed auteur theory pop history nerd stereogum films Unsure if the will was genuine and unsure of what to do, Dummar left the will at the LDS Church office. [citation needed], Eventually the brain trauma from Hughes's previous accidents, the effects of neurosyphilis diagnosed in 1932[130] and (undiagnosed) obsessive-compulsive disorder[131] considerably affected his decision-making. [46] Hughes's doctors considered his recovery almost miraculous. From the 1940s to the late 1950s, the Hughes Tool Company ventured into the film industry when it obtained partial ownership of the RKO companies, which included RKO Pictures, RKO Studios, a chain of movie theaters known as RKO Theatres and a network of radio stations known as the RKO Radio Network. This was especially true of the women under contract to RKO at that time. The film featured Jane Russell, who received considerable attention from industry censors, this time owing to her revealing costumes. Partners included George Von Elm or Ozzie Carlton. ", "Hollywood and the downwinders still grapple with nuclear fallout", "Jury Refuses to Vote Indictment That Omits Hughes", "3 Hughes Associates Deny Guilt In AirWest Case", Hood College's Harold Weisberg Archive, Digital Collection, "Hughes 3 Others by Judge In Air West Case", "Hughes Estate Agrees to Pay Airline's Stockholders $30 Million", "Howard Hughes' Doctor Gives a Chilling Description of His Strange Patient's Final Hours", "Houston's last tycoon. According to Noah Dietrich, "Land became a principal asset for the Hughes empire". While directing The Outlaw, Hughes became fixated on a small flaw in one of Jane Russell's blouses, claiming that the fabric bunched up along a seam and gave the appearance of two nipples on each breast.
Hughes returned home ahead of photographs of his flight. Moore never produced proof of a marriage, but her book, The Beauty and the Billionaire, became a bestseller. Hughes believed that Dietrich wished to have Hughes committed as mentally incompetent, although the evidence of this is inconclusive. [N 1] However, his certificate of baptism, recorded on October 7, 1906, in the parish register of St. John's Episcopal Church in Keokuk, Iowa, listed his date of birth as September 24, 1905, without any reference to the place of birth. Author with Kearney ties explores the possibility", "Melvin Dummar, 74, Who Claimed Howard Hughes Left Him Millions, Dies", "Melvin and Howard (1980) Movie Preview.
hughes langston biography washburn dream poem literature kansas bibliography laughter poems selected cks mapping links without map reference edu They put in a request for the smallest amount the company could provide for a special order, 350 gallons (1,300 L), and had it shipped from Los Angeles. [18], From a young age, Hughes became a proficient and enthusiastic golfer. Aides reported that Hughes never spoke ill of her. The USPS investigation led to Irving's indictment and subsequent conviction for using the postal service to commit fraud. [105] Some later claimed that Peters was "the only woman [Hughes] ever loved",[106] and he reportedly had his security officers follow her everywhere even when they were not in a relationship. [146], His reclusiveness and possibly his drug use made him practically unrecognizable. [6]:4546 The Racket (1928) and The Front Page (1931) were also nominated for Academy Awards. For breakfast, he wanted his eggs cooked the way his family cook, Lily, made them. When the tests finally went through despite Hughes's efforts, the detonations were powerful enough that the entire hotel in which he was living trembled from the shock waves. He would also notice dust, stains, or other imperfections on people's clothes and demand that they take care of them. Thompson, the federal judge that made the decision to dismiss the charges called the indictment one of the worst claims that he had ever seen. However, it was a disaster. As a result of the hearings, the shaky status of RKO became increasingly apparent. It has long been speculated[108] that Nixon's drive to learn what the Democrats were planning in 1972 was based in part on his belief that the Democrats knew about a later bribe that his friend Bebe Rebozo had received from Hughes after Nixon took office.
The moving image collection of Howard Hughes is held at the Academy Film Archive. [35][36], When the XF-11 finally came to a halt after destroying three houses, the fuel tanks exploded, setting fire to the aircraft and a nearby home at 808 North Whittier Drive owned by Lt Col. Charles E. [38] Hughes sustained significant injuries in the crash, including a crushed collar bone, multiple cracked ribs,[39] crushed chest with collapsed left lung, shifting his heart to the right side of the chest cavity, and numerous third-degree burns. [157], American billionaire aviator, engineer, and industrialist (19051976), Connections to Richard Nixon and Watergate. Hughes was booked on suspicion of negligent homicide and held overnight in jail until his attorney, Neil S. McCarthy, obtained a writ of habeas corpus for his release pending a coroner's inquest. [91] Although he lent his name and his company's resources to the operation, Hughes and his companies had no operational involvement in the project. [63] As Hughes's mental state worsened, he ordered various tactics to delay payments to Boeing and Convair; his behavior led TWA's banks to insist that he be removed from management as a condition for further financing. [107] Showalter told an interviewer that because he frequently met with Peters, Hughes's men threatened to ruin his career if he did not leave her alone. William L. Durkin, who happened to be in the area visiting friends. The sale of his TWA shares brought Hughes $546,549,771. After his around-the-world flight, Hughes had declined to go to the White House to collect it. [8], Howard Robard Hughes Jr. was the son of Allene Stone Gano (18831922) and of Howard R. Hughes Sr. (18691924), a successful inventor and businessman from Missouri. [citation needed]. Hughes dropped Gardner off in Las Vegas and proceeded to Lake Mead to conduct qualifying tests in the S-43. [59] After finally beginning to reserve 707 orders in 1956, Hughes embarked on a plan to build his own "superior" jet aircraft for TWA, applied for CAB permission to sell Hughes aircraft to TWA, and began negotiations with the state of Florida to build a manufacturing plant there. In his 1971 book, Howard: The Amazing Mr. Hughes, Dietrich said that Hughes genuinely liked and respected Jane Russell, but never sought romantic involvement with her. [20] His next two films, Everybody's Acting (1926) and Two Arabian Knights (1927), achieved financial success; the latter won the first Academy Award for Best Director of a comedy picture. in 1939 as a bomber with five crew members, powered by 42-cylinder Wright R-2160 Tornado engines.
[47], Hughes is buried next to his parents at Glenwood Cemetery in Houston. Hughes's first will, which he signed in 1925 at the age of 19, stipulated that a portion of his estate should be used to create a medical institute bearing his name. Approximately three weeks after Hughes's death, a handwritten will was found on the desk of an official of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Salt Lake City, Utah. [58], After the announcement of the Boeing 707, Hughes opted to pursue a more advanced jet aircraft for TWA and approached Convair in late 1954. If Hughes felt that his stars did not properly represent the political views of his liking or if a film's anti-communist politics were not sufficiently clear, he pulled the plug. Originally known as Summa Corporation, the Howard Hughes Corporation formed in 1972 when the oil-tools business of Hughes Tool Company, then owned by Howard Hughes Jr., floated on the New York Stock Exchange under the "Hughes Tool" name. He set many world records and commissioned the construction of custom aircraft for himself while heading Hughes Aircraft at the airport in Glendale, CA. [7], During his final years, Hughes extended his financial empire to include several major businesses in Las Vegas, such as real estate, hotels, casinos, and media outlets. Later, when Tierney's daughter Daria was born deaf and blind and with a severe learning disability because of Tierney's exposure to rubella during her pregnancy, Hughes saw to it that Daria received the best medical care and paid all expenses. United States v. Paramount Pictures, Inc. Hughes's $2.5billion estate was eventually split in 1983 among 22 cousins, including William Lummis, who serves as a trustee of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. [113] Terry Lenzner, who was the chief investigator for the Senate Watergate Committee, speculates that it was Nixon's desire to know what O'Brien knew about Nixon's dealings with Hughes that may have partially motivated the Watergate break-in. One of his sources was John H. Meier, a former business adviser of Hughes who had also worked with Democratic National Committee Chairman Larry O'Brien.
hughes bulletin union langston Hughes went into hiding and refused to testify. [15][16], His mother Allene died in March 1922 from complications of an ectopic pregnancy. [67][68] Their friendship and many partnerships began with the film The Conqueror, which was first released to the public in 1956. He acquired and expanded Trans World Airlines and later acquired Air West, renaming it Hughes Airwest. A notable allegation came from retired Major General Mark Musick, Assistant Secretary of the Air Force, who claimed Hughes went on to live under an assumed identity, dying on November 15, 2001, in Troy, Alabama.[152][153].
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