ethanol test emulsion biology lipids fats tests igcse lipid water identify positive cloudy result presence milky starch solution level weebly Ind. PVP does not contain ionizable groups and this allows a major folding of the macromolecular chains, which diminished the access of metal ions to PVP compared to PAMPS. Electrochemical oxidation and removal of arsenic using water-soluble polymers. Macromolecules 10, 949954. 43, 26052614. 8, 16671681. PAMPS presented a high retention capacity of all of the metal ions at both pH values, while PVP showed a selective retention for nickel ions. Eng. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2008.11.068, Jiang, M.-Q., Jin, X.-Y., Lu, X.-Q., and Chen, Z.-L. (2010). Eng. A unique polymer:anion solution ratio is put on the cell, and it is washed at constant volume with bi-distillated water at a certain pH. 268, 362370. Eng. J. Technol. 353, 115. doi: 10.5004/dwt.2017.20551, Chen, Q., Luo, Z., Hills, C., Xue, G., and Tyrer, M. (2009). Sci. Chem. (2006), Rivas and Aguirre (2007). Energy 33, 918924. The tin-metal salt is incorporated to the PAA in order to remove As(III) from an aqueous solution (Rivas and Aguirre, 2007). Macromol. 67, 184201. 193-194, 2130. Colloid Surf. 297, 251260. 172, 958963. doi: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2012.06.008, Urbano, B. F., Villenas, I., Rivas, B. L., and Campos, C. H. (2015). swellin behaviors of polyacrylamide/attapulgite composite based on acidified attapulgite and organo-attapulgite. Competitive adsorption of Pb2+, Cu2+ and Cd2+ ions from aqueous solutions by multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Poly[(3-methacryloylamine) propyl) trimethylammonium chloride-co-acrylic acid] [P(ClMPTA-co-AA)]was prepared in various cation:anion molar ratios (1:1, 1:2, 2:1, and 4:1). Carbon N.Y. 41, 27872792. doi: 10.1016/S0008-6223(03)00392-0. Heavy metals removal using hydrogel-supported nanosized hydrous ferric oxide: synthesis, characterization, and mechanism. The formation of a coordinate bond or ionic bond can be a result of interactions between the functional polymer and metal ions in solution. III. Polym. BR organized the whole manuscript. Enhanced adsorption of mercury ions on thiol derivatized single wall carbon nanotubes. (2017). BU update the literature and wrote about nanocomposites. Res. Polymer nanocomposites from modified clays: recent advances and challenges. doi: 10.1039/C4TA04518A, Snchez, J., Butter, B., Basez, L., Rivas, B. L., and Ottakam Thotiyl, M. (2017). 47, 62586268. Matyjaszewski, K., Gaynor, S. G., Qiu, J., Beers, K., Coca, S., Davis, K., et al. The pH of the media can influence the conformation of the polymer. 147, 151158. Water-soluble polymers containing quaternary ammonium groups have been studied in combination with ultrafiltration membranes as arsenic sorbents. Acid and organic resistant nano-hydrated zirconium oxide (HZO)/polystyrene hybrid adsorbent for arsenic removal from water. J. The preparation of well-defined water soluble-swellable (Co)polymers by atom transfer radical polymerization, in Associative Polymers in Aqueous Media, ed J. Edward Glass (Washington, WA: American Chemical Society), 5271. Retention properties of arsenate anions of water-soluble polymers by a liquid-phase polymer-based retention technique. J. Polym. Polym. 35, 357401. Chem. Chem. In this study the retention of arsenic depended mainly of factors such as the pH, polymer concentration and copolymer composition (Rivas et al., 2006). doi: 10.1021/am201645g, Madrakian, T., Afkhami, A., Zadpour, B., and Ahmadi, M. (2015). J. After that, the chemical reduction achieved the complete copper recovery for solution containing PSS. 4, 5167. Technol. doi: 10.1021/es4013382. Reactive Funct. (2011). Nanomaterials-enabled water and wastewater treatment. The results for the removal of As(V) by P(ClVBTA) and P(ClAETA) by the washing method presented in Table 2. 47, 93479354. Figure 3. doi: 10.1007/s00289-012-0785-z, Rivas, B. L., Pereira, E. D., and Moreno-Villoslada, I. Using poly(AA)-Sn (10 wt-% theoretical tin content), 90% of As(III) retention is obtained at Sn-As(III) 20:1 and a poly(AA)-Sn:As(III) 400:1 mole ratio (Rivas and Aguirre, 2007). Environ. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2016.12.122, Rajput, S., Singh, L. P., Pittman, C. U. Jr., and Mohan, D. (2017). doi: 10.1021/ie801242v, Arar, O., Kabay, N., Snchez, J., Rivas, B. L., Bryjak, M., and Pea, C. (2014). 42, 43274333. 31, 360372. IUPAC (1997). Sci. doi: 10.1007/s10800-014-0785-9, Snchez, J., and Rivas, B. L. (2011). 40, 22132218. J. 450, 1725. At pH 8, As(III) is found anion-dissociated salt in equilibrium with monovalent anions (H2AsO3-). (2009). 46, 41114120. Organicinorganic hybrid of chitosan/organoclay bionanocomposites for hexavalent chromium uptake. Polym. Ind. Tan, P., Sun, J., Hu, Y., Fang, Z., Bi, Q., Chen, Y., et al. (2011). In this sense, the development of highly selective adsorbents, novel architectures, high stability, or materials with a significant improvement in the performance compared to existing adsorbents, can find a niche for their development and eventually reach their marketing. Tech. Moreover, the polymer matrix allows overcoming operational obstacles that nanoparticles exhibit as adsorbent materials. doi: 10.1002/app.26737, Rivas, B. L., Aguirre, M. D. C., and Pereira, E. (2006). Polym. The washing method is similar to a batch-system. The filtration factor is defined as the ratio of the filtrate volume (Vf) to the cell volume (Vo) (Snchez and Rivas, 2011). J. Sci. Future trends concerning to LPR technique involve the developments of hybrid methods. Aspects 191, 107121. Magnetite-hematite nanoparticles prepared by green methods for heavy metal ions removal from water. Molinari, R., and Argurio, P. (2017). In the pH range studied, the behavior of PAMPS is consistent with the pKa = 1.5 reported for the sulfonic acid groups (Cavus and Gurdag, 2009). (2007). Microchim. Bull. 170, 381394. Polym. Sci. Prog. 314, 192201. The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. At both pH values, the retention profiles decrease slowly as a function of the volume of filtrate. doi: 10.1016/j.impact.2016.09.004, Zhao, X., Lv, L., Pan, B., Zhang, W., Zhang, S., and Zhang, Q. In addition, the folding of the linear polymers with AMPS groups in its structure avoids the electrostatic repulsion between the sulfonate groups contributing to the accessibility of the metal ions (Fisher et al., 1977). 9, 173181.
A water-soluble polymer containing quaternary ammonium groups was used as an extracting reagent in the LPR process. doi: 10.1021/jp911424k, Hu, K., Kulkarni, D. D., Choi, I., and Tsukruk, V. V. (2014). (2011). The separation process is evaluated as a percentage of removal [R(%)] versus a filtration factor (Z). doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2010.08.023, Kotal, M., and Bhowmick, A. K. (2015). doi: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2014.03.001, Hua, M., Yang, B., Shan, C., Zhang, W., He, S., Lv, L., et al. Retention profile of As(V) by poly[(3-methacryloylamine)propyl)trimethyl ammonium chloride-co-acrylic acid] [P(ClMPTA-co-AA)] at different monomer molar ratios of (a) 1:1, (B) 1:2, (C) 2:1, and (D) 4:1. Adapted from Rivas et al. Explor. Polym. The LPR technique was performed using a solution containing a mixture of metal cations such as Cu(II), Cd(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Zn(II), Pb(II), and Cr(III). Sustain. 72, 642649. Using higher tin content (5, 10, and 20 wt-%), the retention of As(III) was improved at (600:1) and (400:1) poly(AA)-Sn:As(III) mole ratio. 53, 48384849. Evaluation of a novel hybrid inorganic/organic polymer type material in the Arsenic removal process from drinking water. Chem. Technol. 101, 230240. Chem.
doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.12.024, Zhang, Y., Wang, X., Liu, J., and Wu, L. (2013b). Effect of porosity of goethite on the sorption of six heavy metal ions. Novel phenyl-iminodiacetic acid grafted multiwalled carbon nanotubes for solid phase extraction of iron, copper and lead ions from aqueous medium. 58, 4952. Res. Water soluble and insoluble polymers are versatile materials for water decontamination. (2017). 43, 16911698. (2012). Fierro, J. L. G. (2005). Chemosphere 171, 126133. Bidentate complexation modeling of heavy metal adsorption and competition on goethite. Physical-Chemical Treatment of Water and Wastewater. Sci. Eng. Impregnating titanium phosphate nanoparticles onto a porous cation exchanger for enhanced lead removal from waters. doi: 10.1021/ie401997g, Thotiyl, M. M. O., Basit, H., Snchez, J. doi: 10.1016/j.gexplo.2014.10.005, Ahmed, M. A., Ali, S. M., El-Dek, S. I., and Galal, A. Arsenic removal using a polymeric/inorganic hybrid sorbent. Ion-exchange resins: a retrospective from industrial and engineering chemistry research. doi: 10.1016/S0043-1354(02)00238-5, Dong, Q., Liu, J., Song, L., and Shao, G. (2011). Zang, Z., Hu, Z., Li, Z., He, Q., and Chang, X. Light-scattering and intrinsic-viscosity studies. Considering two different orders of magnitude (2 104 and 7 105 mol of polymer) in separate experiments, a typical 20:1 polymer:As molar ratio of was more efficient. J. Appl. Singha Deb, A. K., Dwivedi, V., Dasgupta, K., Musharaf Ali, S., and Shenoy, K. T. (2017). Tech. However, considering the arsenic speciation, majority remains as As(III) with traces of As(V), less than 10 wt-% in the filtrate solution (Rivas and Aguirre, 2007). In this context our objective was to obtain water-soluble polymers, such as non-cationic system, that is manifested thorough a complex reaction of metallic active site with toxic species to recuperate. J. Prog. (2017). (2014). 45, 151159. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2015.02.062, Brmmer, G. W., Barrow, N. J., and Fischer, L. (2013). 19, 213220. Syntesis of hybrid microshpere from zirconium butoxide and ionic-non-ionic copolymer. 168, 14301436. 492, 176190. Norwich: Iwa Publishing.
Simultaneous removal of Cu, Mn and Zn from drinking water with the use of clinoptilolite and its Fe-modified form. J. Colloid Interface Sci.
The results showed a high retention for various metal ions (Rivas et al., 2001). (2006), Rivas and Aguirre (2007). Water Res.
P(EI) exhibited the highest metal retention capacities at higher pH values, where the functional groups could coordinate and remove more easily the metal ions. Eur. 21, 11601166. J. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.12.051, Hua, M., Zhang, S., Pan, B., Zhang, W., Lv, L., and Zhang, Q. The metal ion removal was studied mainly as a function of pH. New synthetic mercaptoethylamino homopolymer-modified maghemite nanoparticles for effective removal of some heavy metal ions from aqueous solution. (B) Retention values for As(III) and As(V) for Z = 10, mol ratio (400:1), at different pH's. Preclinical Clin. J. Polym. (2003). The LPR technique was also used in the removal of Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solution using water-soluble poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride), PDDA, and subsequent electrochemical reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) (Snchez et al., 2017). Selective removal of the heavy metal ions from waters and industrial wastewaters by ion-exchange method. At basic pH the divalent HAsO42- species predominate in solution and can be retained easily by polymers (Snchez and Rivas, 2011). 4, 21642167. A partial oxidation of As(III) to As(V) is probably due to the higher tin content in the polymer. Similarly, the obtaining of a hybrid composite, where the polymer chains and the oxide network oxide are mixed at the molecular level, are novel materials to be used in adsorption processes. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2015.11.051, Prez, J., Toledo, L., Campos, C. H., Yanez, J., Rivas, B. L., and Urbano, B. F. (2016). 102, 26772684. Chem. In general, the pH has marked influence on the removal of metal ions, showing that when the pH is increased, the retention capacity for metal ions is also increased (Rivas et al., 2012). doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.045, Cui, H., Su, Y., Li, Q., Gao, S., and Shang, J. K. (2013). The experiments were carried out with (20:1), (100:1), (200:1), (400:1), and (600:1) poly(AA)-Sn:As(III) mol ratios at pH 8. doi: 10.4067/s0717-97072017000303647, Snchez, J., Butter, B., Rivas, B. L., Basez, L., and Santander, P. (2015). J. Desalination 270, 5763. Optimization of heavy metal removal from aqueous solutions by maghemite (-Fe2O3) nanoparticles using response surface methodology. Polym. J. Colloid Interface Sci. Sci. Eng. (2000). J. Stuetz, R. M., and Stephenson, T. (2009). doi: 10.1002/app.24093, Rivas, B. L., Hube, S., Snchez, J., and Pereira, E. (2012). (A) Retention values for As(III) at different polymer: As(III) mol ratio and tin content for Z = 10 and pH 8. Chain characteristics of poly (2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate) polymers. 42, 37863790. doi: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2013.05.008, Rivas, B. L., and Aguirre, M. D. C. (2007). A., Burgos, W. D., Royer, R. A., and Roden, E. E. (2004). Removal of arsenic from water by combination of electro-oxidation and polymer enhanced ultrafiltration. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). One alternative for improving these results is the use of copolymer based on AMPS with a nonionic monomer with a higher tendency to coordinate one of several metal ions in solution (Valle et al., 2015). Those methods include the use of LPR as a pre or post treatment in combined methods such as chemical or electrochemical oxidation/reduction coupled to ultrafiltration using water-soluble polymers (Arar et al., 2014; Snchez et al., 2015, 2017; Chou et al., 2018). Hybrid materials where the organic and inorganic phase are intimately mixed can be obtained for metal ion depollution. Preparation of triethanolamine functionalized carbon nanotube for aqueous removal of Pb(II). doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2009.03.007, Chou, Y.-H., Choo, K.-H., Chen, S.-S., Yu, J.-H., Peng, C.-Y., and Li, C.-W. (2018). B 114, 67796785. 313, 899911. Polym. Eng. Technol. Comparatively PVP and PAMPS exhibited a different behavior toward the metal ions. The experimental results indicated the retention of Ni(II) was achieved selectively compared to null retention of Cu(II) and Cd(II) at both pH values using PVP at pH 3.2 and 5.7. 28, 173208. Chem. J. Lately the development of new water-soluble polymers and its use in combination with ultrafiltration by membranes is considered between the most promissory techniques for enrichment and separation of ions from aqueous solution. Synthesis of a novel flocculant on the basis of crosslinked Konjac glucomannan-graft-polyacrylamide-co-sodium xanthate and its application in removal of Cu2+ ion. Likewise, the sorption of Cu(II) was carried out with novel hybrid adsorbentscontaining thiol groups. Hazard. Infrared spectroscopy showed symmetric stretching vibrations sym(COO) at 1,405 cm1 and stretching asymmetric asym (COO) at 1,600 cm1 holding some free carboxylate COO. The concentrations, forms, and relative ratios of both As(V) and As(III) in water vary significantly depending mainly on changes in the pH and oxidation potential. Polym. Sci. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.01.012, Nanseu-Njiki, C. P., Tchamango, S. R., Ngom, P. C., Darchen, A., and Ngameni, E. (2009). Characteristics of equilibrium, kinetics studies for adsorption of Hg(II), Cu(II), and Ni(II) ions by thiourea-modified magnetic chitosan microspheres. J. 82, 2230. (2001). The sorption of rare earth metals such as La(III), Nd(III), Eu(III), Dy(III), and Lu(III) onto a hybrid material was investigated by Roosen et al. J. Fisher, L. W., Sochor, A. R., and Tan, J. S. (1977). RSC Adv. Amsterdam: Elsevier BV. doi: 10.1016/S0927-7757(01)00768-3, Urbano, B. F., and Rivas, B. L. (2014). doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.04.068, Thakur, S. S., and Chauhan, G. S. (2014). Efficient removal of Cr(VI) by polyelectrolyte-assisted ultrafiltration and subsequent electrochemical reduction to Cr(III). Lead (Pb2+) and copper (Cu2+) remediation from water using superparamagnetic maghemite (-Fe2O3) nanoparticles synthesized by Flame Spray Pyrolysis (FSP). The maximum retention capacity of PDDA was 33 mg Cr/g polymer at pH 9. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2014.02.093, Pan, B., Xu, J., Wu, B., Li, Z., and Liu, X. (2007). The resulting hybrid exhibits anion and cation exchange capabilities (Dong et al., 2011). A great advantage of the LPR is the retention of inorganic species in a homogenous medium, avoiding in great part the mass transfer phenomena or diffusion phenomena that are present in a heterogeneous system. (2013). Sci. Chelating water-soluble polymers associated with ultrafiltration membranes for metal ion removal. doi: 10.1021/acsami.5b09832, Li, J., Xiao, H., Kim, Y. S., and Lowe, T. L. (2005). J. Colloid Interface Sci. When tin content was 3 wt%, the retention degree was negligible. Ind. Effects of crystal modification on the binding of trace metals and arsenate by goethite. doi: 10.1002/pi.4829, Cavus, S., and Gurdag, G. (2009). Sep. Purif. Adv. The hybrid exhibited the capability to retain arsenite and arsenate directly, and the sorption to various arsenic species was modulated by changing the inorganic-polymeric composition in the material. Sci. The higher As(III) removal capacity (up to 90%) indicates that arsenite species are strongly bounded at basic pH, for example when 400:1 at 10 and 20 wt-% tin content was used. Water-soluble polymer and photocatalysis for arsenic removal. 47, 83428347. (2003). As(III) and As(V) Adsorption by hydrous zirconium oxide nanoparticles synthesized by a hydrothermal process followed with heat treatment. 178, 744751. doi: 10.1021/es702952p, Hu, J., Shao, D., Chen, C., Sheng, G., Li, J., Wang, X., et al. (2012). doi: 10.1021/es050175e, DaBrowski, A., Hubicki, Z., Podkocielny, P., and Robens, E. (2004). Water-soluble poly(ethyleneimine) [P(EI)] was studied as a sorbent for metal ions in aqueous solutions thought the LPR technique. 69, 881898. Environ. The photocatalytic oxidation of As(III) was performed using TiO2 under UV-A light. (2009). Arsenite retention properties of water-soluble metalpolymers. Interfaces 8, 30123020. Adsorption of metal ions onto goethite: single-adsorbate and competitive systems. (2009). doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.11.095, Rhim, J.-W., Park, H.-M., and Ha, C.-S. (2013). Environ. J. Appl. The As(III) oxidation reached 100% after 30 min of illumination with UV-A light. Water Res. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.07.040, Cui, Y., Hu, Z. J., Yang, J. X., and Gao, H. W. (2012). Arsenate retention from aqueous solution by hydrophilic polymers through ultrafiltration membranes. P(AA) is a polymer with proton-donating properties, however in this case its complexation with cationic polyelectrolyes depends of the composition of each unit in the copolymer and also on the pH of the aqueous solution. doi: 10.1016/j.jiec.2014.05.029, Mahmoud, M. E., Ali, S. A. Enhanced removal of fluoride by polystyrene anion exchanger supported hydrous zirconium oxide nanoparticles.
doi: 10.1002/app.1819, Roosen, J., Spooren, J., and Binnemans, K. (2014). Figure 4 shows the removal of As(III) and As(V) by LPR. Environ. Exceptional arsenic (III,V) removal performance of highly porous, nanostructured ZrO2 spheres for fixed bed reactors and the full-scale system modeling.
Sitemap 20